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Modern servers are 'headless,' which means that they consist of only the 'box' portion of a computer, rather than including a monitor, keyboard, and mouse. MacStadium's Mac mini servers fall into this category. In order to interact with, and make use of a Mac mini remotely, MacStadium customers will need to access their Mac from another machine. Below, we'll walk through the various options for making this networking connection and break out the networking options by use case for easy reference.
Connecting to your Mac mini from your local machine:
There are three broad categories by which a user can connect to a MacStadium Mac mini from a local machine – either from the user interface (UI), from the terminal, or via a virtual private network (VPN). Each of these categories of networking is geared toward distinct user scenarios.
From the UI (VNC):
Make sure your DisplayPort or Mini DisplayPort is DP v1.2 or later. This is the most important criteria. If you're unsure, check with the video card or system manufacturer. Mac OS does not support MST function and will only mirror the displays. Transporter is the simple and easy way to deliver content to Apple. Easily send apps, music, movies, TV shows, or books for distribution on the App Store, Apple Music, Apple TV app, Apple Books, or iTunes Store. Simply drag and drop your content into Transporter to get started.
A UI is the graphical user interface that you interact with via your computer's monitor. For example, a web browser such as Google Chrome or Safari provides a UI that allows you to view websites on your monitor.
Possible use cases: Things you might do with an 'in-person' Mac, such as watching or editing video, using macOS apps, and so on.
How to connect: To make this sort of connection to your Mac mini, you'll need to install some software on your local machine, and – eventually – on your Mac mini as well. In order to do this, you'll need to make a short-term, insecure connection with either Apple Screen Share (if you are working on a Mac locally) or RealVNC (if you are using any other OS locally). This will allow you to access your Mac mini so that you can install the software required for a long-term solution.
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STEP 1:
When your Mac mini is deployed, it will be ready to accept a virtual network computing (VNC) connection. If you are working on a Mac locally, you won't need to install any software to make this initial connection. If you are using any other OS locally, you will only need to install software locally, rather than on both your machine and your MacStadium-hosted Mac mini.
If your local machine is a Mac:
Eat girl mac os. You can use Apple Screen Share to make this connection. Simply open the Finder, and press command+k. You will then be prompted for the public IP of your MacStadium machine. Once you have access, you will be able to see and use your Mac mini from your local machine.
If your local machine is not a Mac:
You will need to download and install VNC Viewer on your local machine in order to remote into your Mac mini's desktop environment. Once you have access, you will be able to see and use your Mac mini from your local machine.
Once installed, enter your MacStadium credentials and make the connection.
The caveat here is that the free tier of this software doesn't offer encryption, so any information sent from your local machine to the Mac mini, or vice versa, could potentially be compromised – thus, the need for step two.
STEP 2:
- TeamViewer – TeamViewer is a professional-grade software that is free for personal use. To use it, you will need to download and install TeamViewer on both your local machine and on your MacStadium-hosted Mac mini. The standout features of TeamViewer include automatic firewall traversal, a contact list, file transfer, and built-in video chat, but the feature that really sets it apart from the rest of the programs in this lineup is the end-to-end encryption of every keystroke, screen image, and mouse movement that goes across the network. If security is a primary concern then TeamViewer is definitely the best choice for you.
- Splashtop – Splashtop operates much like TeamViewer, in that both your local machine and your Mac mini will need to have the software installed. It is distinct in that it is known to perform video and audio streaming at an industry-leading standard, which is one of its top-selling points. You can download and install the free tier, but if that won't meet your needs for some reason, its paid versions are far more economical than TeamViewer's paid-tier offerings.
- Other Options - in 2012 we discussed the various VNC options on the market in this blog post.
From the Terminal (SSH):
Possible use cases: Things that you won't need a desktop environment for, but rather secure terminal access to your Mac mini, such as accessing the file system or running a script written in a general-purpose programming language.
SSH – Using the public IP address in your MacStadium IP Plan, simply run the following:
ssh @Enter your MacStadium password when prompted, and voila! You should have a secure Terminal session started on your mini.
Persistent Connections (VPN):
Possible use cases: Any process that requires a long-standing, secure connection between your local machine and your Mac mini, such as continuous integration (CI) for software development.
VPN – We recommend using Cisco AnyConnect or its open-source equivalent, OpenConnect, to establish a virtual private network (VPN) connection to your Mac mini. Learn more about connecting to your Mac mini via VPN in the MacStadium docs.
Takeaways:
If you are connecting from a Mac, you can use Apple Screen Share to make your initial connection to your mini. If you are working on any other platform, you will need a VNC client of some type to establish the initial connection to your Mac mini. Once you are connected, you can install a server for any other remote control product that suits your taste. Our recommendation is to use RealVNC initially and then install either TeamViewer (if security is your primary concern) or Splashtop (if performance is more important). Once this has been set up, you will probably want to disable screen sharing (aka the VNC server) in the Mac system preferences so that no one is tempted to try to hack your VNC password.
Open Transport was the name given by Apple Inc. to its implementation of the Unix-originated System VSTREAMSnetworking stack. Based on code licensed from Mentat's Portable Streams product, Open Transport was built to provide the classic Mac OS with a modern TCP/IP implementation, replacing MacTCP. Apple also added its own implementation of AppleTalk to the stack to support legacy networks.[1]
History[edit]
STREAMS[edit]
Mini Transport Mac Os Catalina
Prior to the release of Open Transport, the classic Mac OS used a variety of stand-alone INITs to provide networking functionality. The only one that was widely used throughout the OS was the AppleTalk system. Among the other protocol stacks supported, MacTCP was becoming increasingly important as the Internet boom started to gain momentum. MacTCP emulated the Berkeley sockets system, widely used among Unix-like operating systems.
MacTCP and the previous generation AppleTalk library were slow on PowerPC-based Macintoshes because they were written for previous generation 680x0-based Macintoshes and therefore ran under emulation on PowerPC-based machines. MacTCP was also lacking in features, however, and a major upgrade was clearly needed if Apple was to keep its hand in the Internet market.
Through the late 1980s several major efforts to re-combine the many Unix derivatives into a single system were underway, and the most significant among these was the AT&T-led System V. System V included an entirely new networking stack, STREAMS, replacing the existing Berkeley sockets system. STREAMS had a number of advantages over sockets, including the ability to support multiple networking stacks at the same time, the ability to plug in modules into the middle of existing stacks to provide simple mechanisms for filtering and similar duties, while offering a single application programming interface to the user programs. At the time it appeared STREAMS would become the de facto standard.
This change in the market led Apple to move to support STREAMS as well. It also presented two practical advantages to the company; STREAMS' multiprotocol support would allow them to support both TCP/IP and AppleTalk from a single interface, and a portable cross-platform version of STREAMS was available for purchase commercially, one that included a high-quality TCP implementation. Using STREAMS also appeared to offer a way to 'one up' Microsoft, whose own TCP/IP networking system, Winsock, was based on the apparently soon-to-be-obsolete sockets.
OT[edit]
Open Transport was introduced in May 1995 with the Power Mac 9500. It was included with System 7.5.2, a release for the new PCI based Power Macs, and became available for older hardware later. MacTCP was not supported on PCI-based Macs, but older systems could switch between MacTCP and Open Transport using a Control Panel called Network Software Selector. Unlike MacTCP, Open Transport allowed users to save and switch between configuration sets.
Developer opinion on Open Transport was divided. Some felt it offered enormous speed improvements over MacTCP. Some developers also liked it because it was flexible in the way it allowed protocols to be 'stacked' to apply filters and other such duties. However, the system was also large and complex. The flexibility of the Open Transport architecture, into which one could plug any desired protocol, was felt by some to be thoroughly overcomplicated. Additionally, most Unix code still used sockets, not STREAMS, and so MacTCP offered real advantages in terms of porting software to the Mac.
The vaunted flexibility of the Open Transport architecture was undermined and ultimately made obsolete by the rapid rise of TCP/IP networking during the mid-90s. The same is true in the wider Unix market; System V was undermined by the rapid rise of free Unix-like systems, notably Linux. As these systems grew in popularity, the vast majority of programmers ignored the closed STREAMS in favour of the BSD-licensed Sockets. Open Transport was abandoned during the move to OS X, which, being derived from BSD, had a networking stack based entirely on sockets.
Open Transport received deprecation status starting in Mac OS X 10.4 and its SDKs. Open Transport support was removed entirely from OS X starting with version 10.9 (Mavericks).[2]
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References[edit]
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- ^Apple Tech Note 1117 - Open Transport STREAMS FAQ
- ^'What's New in OS X 10.9 Mavericks'(PDF). Apple Inc. Retrieved 2013-03-22.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
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